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Low-Fat vs. Low-Carb: Time for a Truce in the Diet Wars?

This is the kind of news that starts my day the wrong way:

Severely restricting calories leads to a longer life, scientists have proved. New research now has shown for the first time that such a diet also can maintain physical fitness into advanced age, slowing the seemingly inevitable progression to physical disability and loss of independence.

The study, using a rat model of life-time caloric restriction, showed that the diet reduces the amount of visceral fat, which expresses inflammatory factors that in humans cause chronic disease and a decline in physical performance and vitality across the lifespan.

My first reaction was to spike my blood pressure over the "scientists have proved" line. Proved? With a freakin' rat study? Fill in your own expletives.

My second reaction was to note that it's a press release from the University of Buffalo, not a news story. The researchers themselves don't seem to be making these claims. And what they found is interesting, even if it isn't particularly useful:

They gave male rats either a typical diet or one with 40 percent fewer calories. The human equivalents would be 2,500 calories for the first group and 1,500 for the second. Then they tested rats at different ages -- roughly equivalent to late middle age in humans, 50 to 70 years old -- for physical fitness, body composition, and markers of chronic inflammation, which is linked to heart disease.

Most interesting to me were the fitness tests they used: grip strength (which is strongly correlated with longevity in humans), muscle tone, endurance, and swimming speed.

As you could guess from the hyperbolic opening paragraph, the calorie-restricted rats were more fit, had less body fat, and lower levels of inflammation.

Which is great, except that there's absolutely no practical application for us. Our food chain produces about 3,800 calories per person per day. The average American consumes about 2,700 calories a day. (I'm pretty sure that means close to 30 percent of the calories we produce go to waste. It's hard to say, though, since the figures come from different studies with entirely different methodologies.)

The lead researcher acknowledges this, and offers a more modest proposal:

"It's very difficult for people to maintain that type of diet for short periods of time, and it would be nearly impossible over a lifetime, while staying healthy. Starting on a diet like that in the senior years would be harmful."

[The researcher] said that a more moderate form of caloric restriction, 8 percent, is achievable in humans, based on recent findings, and may have positive effects on specific oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers.

"Preclinical testing of this 8-percent regimen could be informative and beneficial in translating to humans," he said.

So how does someone cut even 8 percent of daily calories? The second link above notes this:

Over one third of the increase in calories from 1970 to 2000 was accounted for by an increase in grain consumption. ... An equally large share of the increase was due to added fats and oils, like those found in fried foods and white breads. Besides these two categories, the remainder of the increase in calories was due mostly to added sugars (about 20 percent of the increase).

You don't need an advanced degree in nutrition science to see the COMPLETELY FREAKIN' OBVIOUS problem here. Cut the crap out of your diet, exercise, and you'll probably hit a good, healthy weight relative to your genetics. If you need more intervention than that, go with more protein and less carbohydrate. The first data set I used, the one about total calories produced in the U.S., showed that about 13 percent of the calories we have access to come from protein. About 51 percent come from carbohydrates. If you double the protein and cut the carbs in half, good things will happen.

If that's still not enough, go low-carb.

Speaking of which, in my Internet travels this morning I came across an interview low-carb advocate Jimmy Moore did with his arch-nemesis, Dr. Dean Ornish, more than a year ago. Jimmy came up with a list of 20 things the two of them agree on. At least four of the points are related to overconsumption of sugars and highly refined carbohydrates. Several others (such as "America is exporting poor dietary habits to other countries") touch on the same problem.

So maybe we can all get along. All we need to do is focus on the real problems:

  • too much sugar
  • too many highly refined carbs
  • too many added oils, especially soybean oil
And then life will be beautiful, everyone will be happy and healthy, and I'll have to find another way to make a living.

On second thought ...

Weekend blog fast

My wireless network died as I was finishing this post. (My McAfee antivirus program does an annoying scan of my entire computer every Friday morning, and every now and then it decides to attack my wireless connection.) I spent a couple hours trying to fix it, but finally gave up and went online the old-fashioned way.

UPDATE: Sometimes I just amaze myself. The wireless modem was unplugged. I wasted two hours trying to diagnose a problem that didn't exist. I guess somebody up there wants me to start drinking early this weekend!

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Calorie Restriction
I clicked on the link to read the article about the study on calorie restriction that lou wrote about. Funny, but on the very same page as that article was a link to another article about a scientist who said basically that you can maybe extend your life by a couple-few years, but that you'd be miserable during all the decades preceding your death -- you know, while you were starving and getting arrested for felony drooling at the window of the Coldstone Creamery. (I've also been told calorie restriction shuts down your sex drive, so it's got that going for it too.)

On the other hand, since approximately 0% of sane people would ever voluntarily calorie restrict for a lifetime to the levels in these rodent studies, it's not nearly as important a debate as, say, how loud to grunt while deadlifting.

by pak202 on Oct 26, 2007 12:48 PM EDT   0 recs

Move along; nothing to see here
This "study" gets filed in the Crap to Ignore folder, along with Good Calories, Bad Calories and the like. I'm glad there are guys like yourself out there to filter through the noise.

It does make you feel sorry for folks out there who are understandably confused by competing, conflicting health/fitness claims that pop up seemingly every day.

Re the modem: You know that's the first question the IT guys ask the user - "Is the device plugged in/turned on?" It's insulting, sure, but so often the problem is something just that basic.

by Phil Barron on Oct 26, 2007 2:11 PM EDT   0 recs

not so contradictory

In this context, Rob Wolf notes that "Ketosis appears to mimic certain elements of CR"

(in the comments here:http://robbwolf.com/?p=34)

so CR and low carb are not necessarily so different.

Taubes book is really good in my opinion.

www.conditioningresearch.com www.hillfit.com

by CH on Oct 26, 2007 5:31 PM EDT   0 recs

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