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No Such Thing As Cardio


A lot of fitness folks have a problem with the word "cardio" or "aerobic training" and I'm no different.  Up till now, I haven't been able to say why, exactly. It's not because I hate steady-state cardio.  I've done loads of it in preparation for triathlons and for general fitness.  It just seemed like the term wasn't quite accurate enough.  It was a misnomer.  And I'm a writer, so that bugged me.

But today I realized it:  cardio as most people conceive of it doesn't really exist.  That is to say, there's nothing you can do that will make your heart and lungs universally more fit for every activity.

Let me tell you a handful of stories to illustrate my point.  As I've mentioned, I recently took up aikido.  A fellow student who's got a few years on me in the art said to me recently, "I've got a belt test coming up, it's a tough one, so I better start jogging so I can get through it!"  

My hackles went up when he said that, and I almost told him not to bother, instead, to just...do more aikido.  Or, absent a partner, do more full-body conditioning moves like burpees and jumping jacks and bear crawls and crab walks--stuff that more closely resembles the kind of full-body, stop-start challenge that the belt test would present him.  What I knew for sure is that straight-ahead jogging wasn't going to help him because it's nothing like aikido.  He could run till he had the best 10K time in the world and still wheeze and cough his way through the belt test.

Another example:  when I first started doing triathons, back in '05, my weakest event was the swim.  I could run and bike like a maniac, but I was sucking wind after 50 yards in the pool.  Popular wisdom would suggest that all the cardio conditioning I'd done on the bike and on the road prior to that--not to mention all my years of upper-body strength training-- would have helped me in the water.  But it didn't.  I had to learn to learn swimming technique, and my upper-body muscles and soft tissues had to adjust and figure out what was demanded of them before I became competent in the water. 

The cardiovascular system doesn't begin and end with the heart and lungs.  When you run, the physiology of your legs changes.  It gets more efficient at delivering oxygen to the appropriate extremities.  But your arms are more or less unaffected. 

For the third day in a row, I'm going to invoke Alwyn Cosgrove and paraphrase his revelation about the best cyclist in modern history, Lance Armstrong, who posted a decidedly unspectacular time in the New York Marathon just within a few months of his seventh Tour De France victory.  All props to Armstrong--his three-hour marathon time was still great--but here was a guy who schooled all comers at long-distance cycling for close to a decade (and continues to trounce most of his competition), and he just wasn't anywhere near world-class as a long-distance runner.

What the Sam Hill is going on?  With a cardiovascular system like that, why didn't he cruise to victory?

Cosgrove argues here (scroll down to his Monday, November 9 2009 entry on "The Death of Intervals")  that Armstrong's system just wasn't as well-suited to running as to cycling.  And it's not like Armstrong just jumped into the marathon with no training.  As intensely competitive as he is, he trained hard for it for months.

The answer is that 'cardio'--that mythical activity that magically gives you the stamina to do ANYTHING--as such doesn't exist.  You can't really get your heart and lungs in shape in a vaccuum--you have to do SOME MUSCULAR ACTIVITY to create that side effect.  And that activity--whatever it is you choose to do, be it running or cycling or kickboxing or circuit training--THAT'S what your body will get good at.  Specific Adaptation To Imposed Demands. 


Sure, there's such a thing as GPP--General Physical Preparation.  Assuming you're not specializing in any one sport, I think it's the best kind of training you can do:  lots of variety, lots of hard stuff piled back to back, intended to work the muscles, challenge your heart and lungs, teach you to keep moving in different planes at different speeds, through a little pain and suffering.  It might involve sprinting and climbing and lifting some weights or doing some body-weight movements.  Broadly, that's what I do with my fitness clients. It's probably as close to what the general populace thinks of as "cardio" as anything else:  a fitness activity that will prep you, in a general way, for just about anything.

But it's completely different from running on a treadmill, an elliptical trainer, or swimming laps. 

Comments?  Questions?  Flame war?  Let's go.

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Interesting to read this. A couple years ago, I helped a friend move, and even though I’d been lifting for years, I kind of realized that I didn’t feel like it helped me lift more the way I thought it would (though I was a lot less sore afterwards than the other people helping him). I guess because my weightlifting routine doesn’t involving picking one end of a couch, a TV, or boxes and carrying them in and out of a big truck?

Likewise, I was on a volleyball team last summer, and in game I was really winded. I couldn’t really understand why I got through my five-mile run that morning with no problem, but half an hour of v-ball was killing me.

by BrianS on Nov 6, 2009 9:20 AM EST reply actions  

This seems like a good excuse for me not to make my run this morning.

I guess I’m one of those people that just likes steady-state cardio. I like to run. I like to cycle. I still lift 3-4 times a week but my “off days” are filled with extended cardio.

Running is something that I’ve done more and more as of late. I was absolutely terrible when I started about 6 months ago — it was a stretch for me to run a mile without sucking air. Now I’m at a solid 4-5 miles whenever I run. It really forced my body to adapt itself to being able to do that and, in the process, helped me lose some additional weight.

That said, I plateaued and had to reinvigorate my lifting routine to see additional losses. The only way I’ve been able to lean out after getting down to an average weight has been lifting. I still enjoy my “cardio” days though.

Future Redbirds - tracking Cardinal prospects for Cardinal Nation

by azruavatar on Nov 6, 2009 10:21 AM EST reply actions  

I ran a lot more miles this summer, 5-6 miles every other day, than I did last summer 2008, when I did 2-3 miles every other day.

But despite the increased miles, I definately noticed it seemed like the weight stayed off better in 2008, when I did a better job sticking with strength training routine (which could definately be improved, but that’s a whole other story).

by BrianS on Nov 6, 2009 4:47 PM EST up reply actions  

As the old powerlifters used to say "the only thing that doesn’t hurt your bench (or squat or deadlift) is benching (or squatting or deadlifting). Somewhat crude by today’s scientific standards, but pretty much true. Practice makes perfect- but it doesn’t help the other stuff you aren’t practicing. Look at major league pitchers. A lot of them are fat and can’t run the bases to save their life but they sure can pitch.

by speedfrk on Nov 10, 2009 3:07 PM EST reply actions  

curious

Between slow, steady cardio (jogging, for instance) and interval training, which should have a greater impact on resting heart rate?

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by raisingcain on Nov 11, 2009 2:33 AM EST reply actions  

Aikido

The thing that caught my eye on this post was Aikido. As a 9 year Aikidoka I’ve gone from fabulously flabby-fit (which is to say, stubbornly refusing to acknowledge that I was not fit enough to conquer every challenge thrown at me – props to my mom for giving me the stubborn gene) to pretty fit, and directly correlated with my fitness has been my progression from 6th Kyu to Shodan (where my true education started, much to my chagrin, and the hilarity of my comrades as they watch me trip over my hakima and see Sensei grinding me down for not doing a technique properly – run ego, run). In the last 2 years there has been a marked increase in my Aikido performance (RUN ego, RUN). Notably, 2 years ago I started CrossFit. CrossFit is the ONLY sport I’ve found that can compare to the level of intensity needed to survive an Aikido test. Running didn’t do it, swimming didn’t do it, and MORE AIKIDO didn’t do it. My teacher would probably argue that, had I increased my intensity in Aikido I would have seen the same gains as I have seen with the addition of CrossFit. I would argue that increasing physical capacity through regular CrossFit training, while increasing technique with regular Aikido training has given me the fitness needed to survive (yes, it is survival, at least in my Aikido association) my Shodan test. So yeah, I’m plugging CrossFit here, but I’m doing it to illustrate a point – sometimes training in one area can get you far, and training more in that area can get you farther, but training in multiple complementary areas can get you farther, faster. Note: as stated in the blog post, running and other time-consuming steady pace "cardio" are NOT complimentary areas with Aikido. And no, CrossFit is not the only option for complimentary training in Aikido, but it’s definitely the one for me. ONE MORE NOTE: diet (not diet ING) has had a huge impact on my level of fitness as well. In the CrossFit world, diet is an integral part of being "Cross-Fit" but that might not be plain to others, so I thought I’d mention that. Wow. Ok. Crammed a lot in there.

Killer post, I’m stoked you’re into Aikido. You might want to check this link out: http://www.makotodojo.com/cms/

by Bex1 on Nov 11, 2009 12:12 PM EST reply actions  

Hey Bex

Cross-training—via CrossFit or simply by, you know, doing other activities (I love how everyone—myself included—feels obliged to qualify a billion times when they recommend CrossFit…it’s such a hot-button topic!) for virtually any activity is great, and I highly recommend it, as long as the cross-training activity roughly replicates the same movements, uses the same muscle groups, and/or lasts the same duration as the activity you’re prepping for.

In aikido, the belt tests themselves are hard to replicate without a whole troupe of sparring partners. Much easier and more practical to prep for the test with some full-body intense movement that involves swinging or lifting heavy weight; getting up and down over and over, and bending, lunging and squatting repeatedly. CrossFit-type training—perhaps with a tweak or two seems like it would fit the bill.

Congratulations on the weight loss—good for you. Cool how you got into the strength and conditioning stuff indirectly—to get better at aikido—and lost the weight that way. Shows again how many roads there are to the same goal.

by Andrew Heffernan on Nov 14, 2009 12:26 PM EST reply actions  

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