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Another Look at "Cheating"

So here's something to consider.

Since the nascent days of the modern fitness industry, the exhortation to "use good form" when you lift weights (and run, and cycle and swim and so on) has been repeated so many times you barely hear it anymore. Doing a set a barbell curls? Stand rigid and move only at the elbow joints. Better still, do it against a wall. Minimize your postural sway and work the biceps. Doing a chin-up? Stretch the lats fully and work from a dead hang on each rep. Keep the body still throughout the movement. For the love of God, don't cheat!

The approach, of course, stems from the muscle-isolation idea that in order to "work our [pecs, lets, deltoids, etc]," we need to bend and twist and contort our bodies, performing weird, counter-intuitive movements in order to optimally stimulate the various body parts so that they grow.

All well and good. It's the ubiquitous bodybuilding model, with its laser-like focus on aesthetics at all costs. And in many cases, the "strict form" idea is useful and accurate. Barbell squatting or dead lifting with lousy form, of course, is just plain stupid. Learning to bench press in a shoulder-sparing way, and to do core exercises safely are basic skills that any beginning exerciser should acquire.

But think about cheating for a moment. When you try to curl too much weight, you sway your body and use momentum to swing the bar up--in a way that resembles a kind of rudimentary power clean movement. When you try to eke out more chin-ups, you swing your body back and forth and undulate the spine, again, turning to momentum to help with the movement. You're trying to recruit other muscle groups--larger, more powerful, usually the more centrally located muscle groups surrounding the pelvis--to help you perform the exercise.

And that makes perfect physiological sense, because your muscles are foot-soldiers, not all-knowing four-star generals. They only understand the assignment: if you're doing a barbell curl, for example, the body just knows "move bar from point A to point B." Why you'd want to call on this small, weak division of foot-soldiers (the biceps) and not that large, strong division of foot-soldiers (the hips and back) is utterly baffling to the nervous system, so it's everything you can do to stop yourself from doing the totally instinctive thing--using the biggest, strongest muscles to perform the task in the most efficient way possible. Same with the instinct to turn an overhead press into a push-jerk, or to turn a chin-up into a kip-up. You naturally drift towards using your biggest muscle groups whenever possible.

The point I'd like to make here is that's actually a good thing. That's you trying to turn a weird and unnatural movement into an athletic, integrated one.

Among the many other problems with doing too many single-joint isolation movements in a strength-training program, I believe that they encourage poor movement habits by deliberately cutting off the powerhouse portions of the kinetic chain from the rest of the body. Next time you're working out and have the urge to cheat, see if there's a way in which that "cheating" actually improves the movement--makes it more holistic and global in nature.

I'm not a kettlebell expert, but many of those movements--swings of all kinds, for instance--seem to solve this inherent problem with many standard barbell and dumbbell exercises.

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Cheating

I think this is one of the places that age has an advantage over the younger. Younger guys are “strong in back” and can pile on the weights. It looks good and you can make a lot of noise. However as far as results are concerned, they need to drop the weights back and pay attention to form (full motion through range, go slow.

by dobner on Jun 2, 2010 9:15 AM EDT reply actions  

depends, but I generally disagree.

It depends on your goals. If you are trying to build power for athletic competition, “going slow” is just old-school bad advice. Speed training is an integral part of building strength and that definitely includes using momentum in your lifts.

For example, if you use bench press bands it trains you to use momentum on the way up to outrun the bands tension at the lockout. This is one of the most effective techniques for building explosive power.

If you are just trying to tone up and minimize the risk of injury, maybe slowing down a bit isn’t such a bad idea, but it’s definitely not a good method of building strength.

“Lift slow… BE SLOW.”

Thou isth now selling thy KoolAid...

by kgun201 on Jun 9, 2010 7:13 PM EDT up reply actions  

Principle of nature

Cheating follows the prinicple of “least energy” from a biomechanical point of view. The body instinctively combines the muscle groups that allow it to minimize energy output while maximizing performance (when viewed as a whole). This is important when training for competition and when emphasizing explosiveness. There are also assumptions built into this training philosophy. One is that the biomechanical infrastructure will withstand increasing power outputs without any consequence. Again, for the most part a valid assumption, especially when younger.

As an older guy, however, one of the disadvantages I have over my younger counterparts is that the supporting infrastructure (e.g. joints, ligaments, etc.) has more flaws and just plain wear and tear. In my fifties I much more aware of those weak points that are a result of acute injury or the cumulative result of years of bad form which result in chronic pain when ignored.

Lifting techniques that worked when I was much younger now result in more severe consequences. I also take longer to heal from an injury than I did even ten years ago. Of course my focus is also different nowadays. I realize that gaining a lot of muscle mass is not my priority but that longevity is. As such, I have changed to a much stricter form of lifting which maximizes stress on the muscle while lessening the impact on joints. I also pay a lot more attention to the muscle groups I ignored when younger, such as the rotator cuff exercises and abs. Finally, I no longer worry about impressing anybody, even myself.

If I knew then what I know now, would I ihave changed how i lifted twenty years ago? Hell no, it was a blast throwing heavy weights around. I didn’t change because of any virtue I possess. I changed because my body demanded it.

by EDT on Jun 16, 2010 2:19 PM EDT reply actions  

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