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How Strength Training Helps You Live Longer

In my two most recent books, The New Rules of Lifting and The New Rules of Lifting for Women, I make the case for strength training as vital, life-saving exercise, even though most of us start out doing it for appearance or performance. In my case, it was both: I wanted to play football, and I didn't want to be the skinniest, weakest, slowest guy on the field. (I had to settle for being slow, thin, and average in strength, but even that was a dramatic improvement.)

Convincing people that strength exercise has benefits beyond the obvious has been an uphill battle. And, thanks to this item in the New York Times Magazine, part of its annual "Year in Ideas" feature, I understand why:

What happens, the researchers showed through other studies, is that connecting one tool or method to multiple goals weakens the mental association between that means and any one goal. Take jogging, for instance. Participants in one study were informed that jogging both strengthens muscles and increases the body's level of oxygen. But after the researchers subliminally reinforced the participants' association between jogging and one of those goals -- strengthening muscles -- participants irrationally deemed jogging less effective for boosting oxygen.

Conversely, if people approach strength training as a way to look better naked -- which, of course, it certainly is -- it's harder to convince them it has major health benefits.

One of those benefits, as I noted in both NROL books, is that strength in old age is a predictor of longevity. That applies to both genders, and it's been demonstrated with hand-grip strength as well as leg strength. But now, according to this item in the same feature, there's another reason to pursue strength:

People with high grip-strength scores are usually healthier than those with weak grips. "They live longer and recover faster from injury," Gallup says. "They have reduced disability, higher bone density and greater fat-free body mass." And in a study published this year, Gallup and his son Andrew -- at the time an undergraduate psychology major -- found that males with high grip-strength scores reported being more aggressive and dominant and had more masculine body types (broader shoulders, narrower hips). They also had "increased sexual opportunities," which resulted in an increased number of sexual partners, and younger ages of first sexual encounter. (For women, handgrip may be more about sexual protection than prowess: Gallup has found that women's hand strength increases when they're most fertile, a trait he says may have evolved to prevent forced impregnation by unwanted mates.)

The suggested reason why hand-grip strength is related to sexual appeal is entertaining, if not especially helpful:

Evolutionarily speaking, its genetic basis may relate to the fact that our primate ancestors traveled by swinging through trees. "Clearly, grip strength is important under those conditions," Gallup says. "I mean, if you lose your grip on one of those branches, you're at risk of falling. And falling out of the canopy does not bode well for your future genetic stability."

Alas, the researchers note that these qualities are largely genetic. And I'll concede the general point about raw sexual appeal: You can't turn an average Poindexter into George of the Jungle. But you can improve strength throughout life, and you certainly can avoid premature decrepitude by maintaining that strength into your Viagra years.

Another benefit of strength training, especially in conjunction with a higher-protein diet, is the boost in your body's metabolic rate. I've preached the gospel of energy flux in my books as well as magazine articles like this one. The basic idea is the opposite of dieting; if you eat more while also exercising more, your body will burn more calories than it would with either practice by itself. Now there's actually a study showing that a higher metabolic rate, resulting in more "wasted" calories, leads to a longer, healthier life. Granted, the study was done with mice, and the metabolic boost was the result of a genetic manipulation, but it's still interesting:

By making the skeletal muscles of mice use energy less efficiently, researchers report that they have delayed the animals' deaths and their development of age-related diseases, including vascular disease, obesity, and one form of cancer. Those health benefits, driven by an increased metabolic rate, appear to come without any direct influence on the aging process itself, according to the researchers.

Metabolism researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have found that although it does not extend maximum lifespan in mice, activating a protein in muscle tissue increases average lifespan and prevents some age-related diseases. The researchers believe a similar approach may someday help people avoid age-related problems such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension and even some cancers.

So by making your metabolism run faster, you don't live longer by stopping the aging process. You just minimize the factors that might cause you to die prematurely. The good news is that we don't have to wait for scientists to figure out a way to do this medically. We can get the benefits by doing it the old-fashioned way -- with exercise and enough calories to keep the human machine running in a higher gear.

Works for me. (Or, I should say, I hope it works for me.)

Monday blog meat

  • Another interesting tidbit from the "Best Ideas" feature: When scientists told hotel maids how much exercise they got in a typical day, the women responded as if they had been doing formal exercise. They lost fat and lowered their blood pressure. But just last week, the Times published this story, advising runners to "dissociate" from the activity by focusing on something else. Apparently, this has been shown to improve endurance. So people who have no time or energy for formal exercise can get the benefits by convincing themselves that they're getting regular workouts, while people who do have the time and energy for serious training can do better by pretending they're doing something else. I'm glad we got that straightened out.
  • I'm not sure if this is related or not, but scientists in the U.K. have discovered that human brains have an irrelevance filter.

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Irrelevance filter
I read that article about the human brain having an irrelevance filter and now I can't remember a thing about it.
George H

by George Haberberger on Dec 10, 2007 9:32 AM EST reply actions   0 recs

How many calories does scrubbing a tub burn?
Imagine if those same maids threw in just 30 minutes a day of resistance training on top of the non-specific stuff they're already doing.  I remember when I was barbacking, I had a much easier time keeping off body fat.  And that's mostly just carrying stuff around and stacking it, with no organized rest intervals or anything, just whenever it needs to get done.  

by Joe in DC on Dec 10, 2007 10:01 AM EST reply actions   0 recs

You just gave me waiter flashbacks!
On Saturdays, I'd work from 3 until past midnight. I'd be in constant motion from maybe 6:30 to 10:30, if not longer. A lot of that time would be walking as fast as possible without actually breaking into a run. I wouldn't be surprised if I burned 1,000 calories on a Saturday shift.

But, like an idiot, I never thought what I was doing was exercise. So on Sunday morning I'd get up and run stairs, and then go back to work and do an eight-hour shift.

And I'd always have crappy days on Sunday -- on my best days I felt drained, and the rest of the time I felt worse than that.

You'd think I would've figured out that running stairs in between those shifts was a bad idea.

by Lou Schuler on Dec 10, 2007 11:31 AM EST up reply actions   0 recs

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