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Why Your Last Diet Didn't Work

My friend Steve Salerno -- editor and uncredited coauthor of my first book, The Testosterone Advantage Plan -- has emerged as the most impassioned critic of America's self-help industry.

In this op-ed in the L.A. Daily News, he goes after an even bigger target:

America spent $46 billion to try to shed its excess pounds in 2005 and likely will spend $60 billion next year. One-third of all adults were dieting at some point in 2006, including more than 90 percent of women under 30, according to one survey by publishing giant Conde Nast. The top diet chains -- led by Weight Watchers, LA Weight Loss and Jenny Craig -- preach their respective creeds to some 7 million Americans. (Amusing factoid: You can even "attend" Weight Watchers meetings online.) In a poll of Americans who admitted to such plan membership, 37 percent said they'd tried at least two plans.

Behind these stats lurks a bitter irony: As the diet movement swells, so too does the collective American waistline -- alarmingly so since 1991, by every meaningful yardstick (and yardstick is indeed the right word). Six out of 10 of us weigh more than we should; 27 percent of Americans over age 50 meet the clinical definition for obesity. Things aren't much better for our kids, who increasingly are too overweight to hit the lax targets in sit-ups and push-ups that were routinely expected of their counterparts from decades past.

All of which raises the question: How can we be so out of shape if we're always on a diet?

One answer is that many people make a Faustian bargain with the diet industry, investing themselves in a succession of absurd crazes, accepting modest short-term success in exchange for a dismal track record of long-term failure-and health risk.

I'd answer that question differently. I wouldn't blame the diet industry first, since just about any weight-loss plan can work in the short term. The problem lies elsewhere -- the diets are unsustainable (too low in calories, too restrictive in food choices, too incompatible with the realities of the dieter's life), the dieters fail to make lifestyle adjustments, or the diet and dieter are a poor match.

Later in the column, Steve writes this:

If weight loss were medically driven, not vanity-driven, each year's hysterical and discordant avalanche of competing diet pitches would resolve into something like the consensus that now governs, say, cardiology. Gone would be the flavor-of-the-month fads, each contradicting the other. Americans would turn instead to a set of orthodoxies resembling "the literature" that exists in other medical disciplines.

I think there's a pretty good reason why the average person doesn't trust medical professionals to give honest and useful information about weight loss. Would the diet industry even exist if doctors actually knew how to help people lose weight? Put another way: If doctors were as bad at cardiology as they've been at weight control, I might very well be writing books about preventing heart attacks, instead of diet and exercise. (Then again, since diet and exercise can help prevent heart attacks, I'm sort of doing that already.)

The biggest reason not to trust doctors when it comes to weight loss is that they worked so hard for so long to keep their patients away from low-carb diets. There's no single diet solution for every person and every problem -- humans are too diverse for that -- but there are clear advantages to low-carb diets for people who have diminished insulin sensitivity. Insulin is the master hormone that determines where food goes after you put it into your mouth, and carbohydrates stimulate insulin more than any other nutrients. People with malfunctioning insulin end up with too much of this food floating around in their bloodstreams, like drivers trying to navigate in Manhattan at rush hour with all the traffic lights switched off.

Logic says that if a system is overloaded, the first thing you do is reduce the load. It's the old "if you find yourself in a hole, quit digging" idea. No cardiologist would tell a patient with a weak or damaged heart to go out and run laps. And yet, doctors remain reluctant to recommend low-carb diets for reducing excess blood sugar and allowing a patient's insulin levels to return to normal.

Which brings me to this interview in T-nation with Jeff Volek, who designed the diet for Testosterone Advantage Plan. The entire interview is worth reading, but I was most intrigued by these comments he makes near the end:

Be wary of anyone who claims to have a magic formula for prescribing the precise amount of carbs ... or any other nutrient for than matter. There's far too much variability to make these types of absolute recommendations. This is the foundation of personalized nutrition and in the bigger picture personalized health (the antithesis of public health).

We have the technology to measure a person's entire genome in a single blood sample and use that information to predict how they respond to various dietary interventions. We've done this in our studies and have made progress in understanding the genetic factors that contribute to variable responses to low-carbohydrate diets in weight loss, fat loss, and other health markers.

For now, most people won't have access to genetic testing and so the best advice I can give is to become an experimentalist. There are many ways to restrict carbohydrate, and you have to experiment with different approaches and monitor the results -- just like a scientist would do in the lab. In the end, it doesn't matter what the science or the experts say; you should do what works best for you.

I had no idea they could do that with blood tests.

Weekend blog meat

  • The big fitness-industry news is that the American College of Sports Medicine has new exercise guidelines. To my complete astonishment, the ACSM recommends 60 minutes a week of higher-intensity exercise as an option. As I wrote in New Rules of Lifting, short bouts of intense exercise have a life-extending, heart-strengthening effect that's far greater than what you can get from extended bouts of walking or the other non-strenuous activities that official organizations like to recommend. But there's still a lot of room for improvement in the new guidelines, as Andrew Heffernan explains in learned detail here.
  • Weird science: A doctor who faked research to claim a major scientific breakthrough actually did make an important discovery. He just didn't realize it.

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diet vs lifestyle
The reason diets don't work is simple- people think of a diet as a limited time change in eating habits, after which they can go back to eating all the same crap they have always eaten. They just don't (or can't) come to grips with the fact that they are going to have to stop eating at Olive Garden 3 times a week. And that's just dinner.
Our society is literally built around making us consume. We consume everything in large quantities because that is the American way. It is a mindset that is drilled into us from the time we are born.
I live in a suburb of Atlanta and when they put the new mall in a few years ago, along with it came Best Buy, Babies R Us, etc and at least 40 restaurants. In the 1 mile from the interstate to the mall there is a MacDonalds, Dunkin Donuts, Atlanta Bread Company, a Mexican place, 2 buffalo wing places, a huge all you can eat buffet, Brusters Ice Cream, Sonny's barbecue, Wendy's, Ruby Tuesday's, Quiznos subs, Olive Garden, 'O Charlies, Smokey Bones, Texas Roadhouse, another MacDonalds, Carrabbas Italian Grill, and some more I can't remember. Plus the mall has a food court with another 10-15 places. Holy crap... how can anyone see all those places and not subconsciously start to believe that it is normal to eat non-stop every day? This is as much a corporate/money thing as cigarettes were until a few years ago. Now Wendy's is marketing the Baconator. It's all about the money and people just eat it up...

by Curt at Slashfit on Aug 5, 2007 12:55 AM EDT   0 recs

Predicting dietary intervention responses...
"We have the technology to measure a person's entire genome in a single blood sample and use that information to predict how they respond to various dietary interventions."

If this is the case, then why don't they start doing this with more overweight people? (Maybe they are, and I don't know it?) I imagine if I had very specific information about the way my body responds to certain foods, I would be more likely to watch what I eat. I feel the same way about those body pods and underwater body comp machines... why is it that I have to go to the university to use one of these? If they "have the technology", then why isn't someone finding a way to implement this technology within a population sorely in need of some intervention?

If I were a self-denying obese person, as most obese people are, and I heard that HALF of my body composition was fat, I think that might be a little impetus to whip my ass into shape. True, they sell calipers and even scales that supposedly measure body comp, but they are wildly inaccurate.

You could argue and say that an obese person doesn't exactly need to know specific information about the food they should avoid ... They should probably just eat less. I guess I'm simply frustrated by any weight loss technology being withheld from a public that's in an epidemic state of unhealth.

by phelan on Aug 6, 2007 10:19 AM EDT   0 recs

Good questions
I have to think that when there's a commercial incentive to offering those blood tests, some business will start doing it.

I know some health clubs also do metabolic analysis, and I believe some offer Bod Pod analysis. I don't know if these are big profit centers for gyms, or if they're more of a novelty.

If they are profitable, I assume it's just a matter of time before someone starts offering blood tests that analyze how your body reacts to different kinds of foods.

by Lou Schuler on Aug 7, 2007 10:10 AM EDT to parent up   0 recs

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